Health

Two people have died following an outbreak of “invasive” meningitis, including one student at the University of Kent.

BBC South East understands that a further 11 people from the Canterbury area are currently in hospital and reported to be seriously ill. It is understood that most are aged between 18 and 21 and a number are students at the university.

Both persons who have died are believed to be aged between 18 and 21, while a University of Kent spokesperson confirmed one of the two was a student at the university.

More than 30,000 students, staff and their families are being contacted by the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) to inform them of the situation.

Meningitis is an infection of the protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord and can be serious if not treated promptly.

A UKHSA spokesperson said it was arranging antibiotics for some students in the Canterbury area following the outbreak, and that the specific strain of the disease has not been identified.

A letter from the UKHSA to University of Kent students and staff, seen by the BBC, said people living and working in certain blocks in the campus should receive antibiotics “without delay”.

In a statement, the university said: “The safety of our students and staff remains our highest priority.

“We are working closely with public health teams and are in touch with staff and students to ensure they get the advice and support they need.”

The BBC understands the outbreak is thought to be linked to a social event in Canterbury, which some of those who fell ill attended.

Specialists at the UKHSA are interviewing those affected to identify close contacts, a spokesperson said.

Symptoms of meningitis include a high fever, being sick and a severe and worsening headache, but can also cause life-threatening sepsis.

Other characteristic symptoms include a rash which does not fade when a glass is rolled over it.

Trish Mannes, UKHSA regional deputy director for the South East, said students can be at risk of missing symptoms due to being “easily confused with other illnesses such as a bad cold, flu or even a hangover”.

She added: “Students and staff will understandably be feeling worried about the risk of further cases; however, we would like to reassure them that close contacts of cases have been given antibiotics as a precautionary measure.”

Anyone becoming unwell with symptoms of meningitis and septicaemia is urged to go to their closest A&E department or call 999.

Meningitis can affect anyone but is most common in babies, young children, teenagers and young adults.

Dr Tom Nutt, chief executive of Meningitis Now, said: “Meningitis can progress very quickly and its impact is devastating, particularly for young people and their loved ones.

“University students and young adults are among the groups at increased risk because meningitis bacteria can spread more easily in settings where people live, study and socialise closely together.

“We urge students, staff and families to remain vigilant for the signs and symptoms of meningitis.”

There are numerous strains of the meningococcal infection.

Canterbury MP Rosie Duffield said in a statement on X that the deaths were “really tragic” and she was “thinking very much” of those close to them.

BBC / Titilayo Kupoliyi

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Health

By Annabel Nwachukwu

Due to the prevailing weather conditions in the country, the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (NCDC) has released a public health advisory concerning cerebrospinal meningitis.

Cerebrospinal Meningitis (CSM) is an acute inflammation of the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord.

This disease becomes epidemic under certain circumstances, such as the dry season marked by dust, winds, cold nights, and a higher frequency of upper respiratory tract infections. These environmental factors, coupled with crowding and inadequate ventilation, increase the risk of infection.

In a statement on Thursday, Dr. Ifedayo Adetifa, the Director General of the NCDC, said that in 2022-2023, Nigeria recorded 2765 suspected and 303 confirmed cases, with 190 deaths across 140 Local Government Areas (LGAs) in 30 states, including the Federal Capital Territory.

‘’The highest burden of CSM in Nigeria occurs in the “Meningitis Belt,” which includes all 19 states in the Northern Region, the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), and some southern states such as Bayelsa, Cross River, Delta, Ekiti, Ogun, Ondo and Osun,” the statement read.

Dr. Adetifa said the Federal Government, through the Federal Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, and the Agency are actively engaged in efforts to prevent, detect, and respond to cases of CSM.

He pointed out that despite substantial progress in surveillance, diagnostic capabilities, and vaccination in recent years, CSM remains a prioritized disease and a significant public health threat.

In addressing the threat of cerebrospinal meningitis, the Director General of NCDC said the agency, in collaboration with ministries, departments, and agencies (MDAs) and partners, had implemented several measures.

These include alerting all state governments and public health authorities about the heightened risk of a CSM outbreak and emphasizing the need for resource mobilization for preparedness and response activities.

Other measures involve regular communication with states experiencing a high burden of CSM to assess their status, progress, and challenges; ongoing surveillance in all states through routine integrated disease surveillance and response (IDSR) and event-based surveillance (EBS); and awareness campaigns to educate the public on CSM prevention measures and recognize the signs and symptoms of the disease.

About Cerebrospinal Meningitis (CSM)

The health advisory explained that meningitis could be triggered by bacteria, viruses, parasites, fungi, injuries, and certain drugs.

The transmission of meningitis typically occurs through person-to-person contact, including droplets from the nose and throat of infected individuals.

Symptoms of cerebrospinal meningitis include fever, headache, nausea and vomiting, photophobia (pain when exposed to bright lights), neck stiffness, and altered levels of consciousness.

While meningitis can affect individuals of all ages, those most at risk include young children, especially those who are either under-immunized or not immunized at all.

Other vulnerable groups comprise individuals living in overcrowded households, smokers, those exposed to poor ventilation and indoor air pollution, and individuals with poor hygienic practices.

Health Advice to the Public

The NCDC therefore advised the public to receive the appropriate vaccinations necessary for protection against meningitis.

Also, individuals should avoid close and prolonged contact with a confirmed case of CSM, including relatives, overcrowding in households and refraining from smoking.

Practising proper respiratory hygiene when coughing or sneezing, avoiding self-medication to prevent antimicrobial resistance, and ensuring proper diagnosis and treatment when necessary are other preventive measures.

Advice to Healthcare Workers

The Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention also cautioned healthcare workers to always adhere to standard infection prevention and control practices, maintain a high index of suspicion for cerebrospinal meningitis (CSM), and promptly report all suspected cases to their local government Disease Surveillance and Notification Officer for immediate access to healthcare.

The agency emphasised that early identification and treatment of cases are more effective and could potentially save lives.

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